Communication Technology development
October 13, 2012
Kurweil Imagines years future — time line
Kurweil Graph http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PPTExponentialGrowthof_Computing.jpg
Iron Man Computer Interface
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKyQhriOrD0&NR=1&feature=endscreen
Humanity of robots
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-pS0t27-nM
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Development of Communication
Technology
Tens of Thousands of Years BC:
Human Speech
Thousands of Years BC:
Cave Paintings and Petra Graphs
She Who Watches, Columbia River Petra graph
http://www.spokaneoutdoors.com/horseth.htm
3300 BC: Pictographic Writing
Egyptian: http://www.library.cornell.edu/africana/Writing_Systems/Hieroglyphics.html
Detail of hieroglyphic and demotic script on the Rosetta Stone — with Egyptian script, Greek and Hieroglyphics carved in 196 BC and found in 1799.
Pictographic is “picture writing” — individual words represented by pictorial symbols that resembled the object represented
1800 BC: Cuneiform:
— wedge shaped writing system
Cuneiform was the system of writing used most extensively in the ancient Middle East. Cuneiform was employed for writing a number of languages from about the end of the 4th millennium BC until about the 1st century BC.
1500 BC:
Alphabetic writing systems
Alphabetic writing systems come in two varieties:
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Abjads (consonant alphabets) http://www.omniglot.com/writing/alphabetic.htm#abjads
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Alphabets (phonemic alphabets) http://www.omniglot.com/writing/alphabetic.htm
450 BC: Greek Optical Telegraph,
Other primitive Telegraphs Lord of Rings
Acoustic telegraph Lines of shouting men. (4th century BC)
Hydraulic telegraph Glass vases filled with water and a floating stick strategically placed in hills (more water in vase raises the stick – empty out some water lowers the stick).
Optical telegraph Fires at night. Smoke signals and mirrors during day.
65 BC: Roman poet Lucretius Theorizes Motion Pictures.
He discovers the phenomenon of persistence of vision, where the brain “sees” an image for up to a tenth of a second after the image is removed. If a second image is viewed within this tenth of a second, where the second image is very similar to the first image, the brain perceives parts of the first image as having moved — the basis for motion pictures and animation 2000 years later.
29 BC: Video Imagined. Virgil in the Aeneid describes motions pictures on the walls the temple in Carthage and on shield of Achilles.
800 AD: The Chinese carve blocks of wood to print whole pages.
1430: Guttenberg Invents metal printing press with movable type
First Printing Press
1590: Camera obscura Paintings using a mirror optical lens.
Caravaggio’s Bacchus (c.1593)
1835: Photography Invented by Talbot
The idea of photography came to William Talbot (1800-1877) while on holiday at Lake Como in Italy, using the Camera obscura and the Camera Lucida as aids to drawing.
Talbot reflected: ‘It was during these thoughts that the idea occurred to me – how charming it would be if it were possible to cause these natural images to imprint themselves durably and remain fixed upon the paper.’
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idVLp3X3wjI
begin at 3 minute end at 5
1844: Telegraph by Samuel Morse
1878: Motion Pictures — Stop Action Photography
Edweard Muybridge captures movement of a horse using stop action photography on glass plates. Done with multiple cameras designed so that a horse’s foot would trip each shutter.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYpKZx090UE First film 1898
1876: Telephone, phonograph
United States Patent No. 174,465, issued to Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, became recognized as the “most valuable patent.” First words spoken on a telephone: “Mr. Watson–come here–I want to see you.”
Thomas Edison on December 4, 1877 became the first person to ever record and play back the human voice. “Edison turned the crank and said the following words. “Mary had a little lamb, its fleece was white as snow, and everywhere that Mary went, the lamb was sure to go.”
1889: Film, Camera
Film developed by Eastman and camera developed by Edison combined to produce the first motion picture system
1894: Wireless Telegraph
Nikola Tesla experiments with sending signaling and audio messages using electromagnetic radiation through the air.
“Wireless telegraph” was first used for point-to-point links where regular telegraph lines were unreliable or impractical.
1895: Silent Movies
The first film shot with the Cinématographe camera is La Sortie de l’usine Lumière a Lyon, France of Workers leaving a factory. Shot in March it is shown in public in Paris that same month.
1906: Radio Broadcasts
In 1906, Reginald Fessenden became the first person to broadcast words and music over radio waves.
By 1900 GUGLIELMO Marconi, the inventor of commercial radio, changed the name of his company from The Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company, (established in 1897), to Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Company. Wireless telegraphs could now broadcast over large areas – essentially the first radio stations.
The Receiving Room at the Marconi Radio Station (Marconi is on the left) at Glace Bay, Canada. |
1921: Home Radios, Radio Stations begin Broadcasting widely
Aeriola Jr. designs the first affordable home radio.
Radio Central, Rocky Point, NY, opened by RCA.
1923: Television
Zworykin patents the Iconoscope pickup tube for television: complete TV system including kinescope, or picture tube, demonstrated.
1927: first long distance use of TV
Bell Telephone makes first nationwide TV broadcast between Washington D.C. and New York City on April 9th. Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover commented, “Today we have, in a sense, the transmission of sight for the first time in the world’s history.” Philo Farnsworth files for a patent on the first complete electronic television system, which he called the Image Dissector.
1927: Sound Movies
http://www.vitaphone.org/features.html
1930: Magnetic Recording Tape, full Color Printing.
1935: Color Movies
1938: Packet paperback books
1940: Widespread Black and White TV Broadcasts
1943: Colossus Military Computer
“The first fully functioning electronic digital computer was Colossus (1943), used by the Bletchley Park cryptanalysts from 1944.”
During WWII the British Government successfully deciphered German radio communications encoded by means of the Enigma system, and by early 1942 about 39,000 intercepted messages were decoded each month. “Colossus I contained approximately 1600 vacuum tubes and each of the subsequent machines approximately 2400 vacuum tubes.” — Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1945: Modern Computers
On February 14, 1946 the world’s first large electronic general-purpose digital computer was developed at the University of Pennsylvania, named the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer — ENIAC. ENIAC was designed to calculate tables used in aiming artillery. It had “18,000 vacuum tubes and several miles of wiring.”
J. Presper Eckert poses at the console.
1947: LP – Long-playing – records
1954: Transistor Radios
1960: Color Television Broadcasts, Photocopiers
1962: Satellite Communications, Cassette Voice Recording Tapes
1965: Local Cable TV
1972: BETA VCRs
1973: Fax machines
1975: First Personal Computers
IBM’s first PC
1976: VHS VCRs
1977: Apple II home computers
First successful personal computer
1979: Laser disks, Personal stereos (Walkman)
1980 — 1984: Home printers, portable video recorders
CDs, fiber optics, camcorders, cellular phones, Stereo TV, first GPS for cars
1988 — 1994: Digital audiotapes, HDTV, e-mail digital photography, CD-ROM, digital radio
1996: Internet expansion
Universal Web Connectivity
1997 — 1999: DVD players
High Speed Internet, palm pilots, lap top computers
2002 — 2003: MP3 data compression, iPods, WiFi wireless computer networks
voice and video e-mail
E-paper (paper-thin computer screens) http://www.groupweb.com/cgi-bin/search/groupweb.cgi?ID=1008911826
2004: Facebook founded
Personal Video Player
Tablet PC with handwriting to text interface
2006 Hologram projectors http://www.aip.org/dbis/stories/2006/15162.html YouTube founded
In October 2006, Google announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the company for $1.65 billion in Google’s stock.
2008 Iphone
2010I Pad Facetime http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7TfSV7kyjM Microsoft Surface launched IBM’s Deep Blue — Microsoft Kinect http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_QLguHvACs 2011 IPhone 4 Siri voice interface http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=MYPrMICOkTw&feature=related Google Facial Recognition
2012 and beyond |
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnRJaHZH9lo
Image Metrix Emily 1:50 min
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLiX5d3rC6o
More Image Metrix 50 sec
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=RWxqSEMXWuw
Second life ten things to do
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=RWxqSEMXWuw
Military robots 3 min
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjiq44DgDf0&feature=related
Chronus robot 50 sec
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmOO_ghwVII&feature=related